Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the relationships among switching intention, switching behavior, customer forgiveness, and continuance intention in quick commerce (Q-commerce) among IT professionals in Chennai, India. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative, cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale. Data were obtained from 500 IT professionals aged 18-34 who had used at least one Q-commerce platform within the previous three months. A non-probability convenience sampling approach, supplemented by snowball recruitment for online distribution, was used. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4.0. Findings: All four hypothesized direct relationships were statistically significant. Switching intention was negatively associated with customer forgiveness (β = -0.486, p < 0.001), while customer forgiveness was positively associated with continuance intention (β = 0.683, p < 0.001). Switching intention was positively associated with switching behavior (β = 0.588, p < 0.001), whereas continuance intention was negatively associated with switching behavior (β = -0.330, p < 0.001). The model explained 61.1% of the variance in switching behavior. The sequential indirect effect through customer forgiveness and continuance intention was also significant (β = 0.110, p < 0.001), indicating complementary partial mediation. Because the data are cross-sectional, these findings are interpreted as associations rather than definitive causal effects. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is limited to IT professionals aged 18-34 in Chennai and uses non-probability sampling, which restricts generalizability. Future studies should examine other demographic groups and geographical contexts and use longitudinal or experimental designs to test the temporal sequence and causal interpretation of the proposed relationships.
Keywords
Digital Platforms, IT Professionals, PLS-SEM, Service Recovery, User Retention,Metrics
References
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Al-Emran, M., Arpaci, I., Salloum, S.A. (2020). An empirical examination of continuous intention to use m-learning: An integrated model. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 2899-2918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10094-2
- Ali, F., El-Manstrly, D., Abbasi, G.A. (2023). Would you forgive me? From perceived justice and complaint handling to customer forgiveness and brand credibility-symmetrical and asymmetrical perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 166, 114138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114138
- Alnawas, I., Al Khateeb, A., Abu Farha, A., Ndubisi, N.O. (2023). The effect of service failure severity on brand forgiveness: The moderating role of interpersonal attachment styles and thinking styles. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(5), 1691-1712. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0290
- American Psychological Association. (2022). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
- Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
- Bansal, H.S., Taylor, S.F., St. James, Y. (2005). Migrating to new service providers: Toward a unifying framework of consumers' switching behaviors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(1), 96-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070304267928
- Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
- Çelik, S., Ozkan Tektaş, O., Kavak, B. (2024). The effect of service recovery on socially distant third-party customers: An experimental research on emotions, forgiveness, repatronage intention and WoM. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 34(4), 519-542. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-09-2023-0267
- Chang, H.H., Wong, K.H., Li, S.Y. (2017). Applying push-pull-mooring to investigate channel switching behaviors: M-switching self-efficacy and switching costs as moderators. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 24, 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2017.06.002
- Chaveesuk, S., Khalid, B., Chaiyasoonthorn, W. (2022). Continuance intention to use digital payments in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 virus. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(2), 447-456. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.12.001
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Creswell, J.W., Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Dahabiyeh, L., Farooq, A., Ahmad, F., Javed, Y. (2023). Explaining technology migration against the change in terms of use: An fsQCA approach. Information Technology & People, 37(3), 1073-1102.
- Dijkstra, T.K., Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02
- Etikan, I., Musa, S.A., Alkassim, R.S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
- Fan, P., Jiang, Q. (2024). Exploring the factors influencing continuance intention to use AI drawing tools: Insights from designers. Systems, 12(3), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030068
- Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
- Finkel, E.J., Rusbult, C.E., Kumashiro, M., Hannon, P.A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 956-974. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.956
- Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(3), 104-110.
- Fornell, C., Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
- Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
- Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
- Henseler, J., Hubona, G., Ray, P.A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Honora, A., Chih, W.H., Wang, K.Y. (2022). Managing social media recovery: The important role of service recovery transparency in retaining customers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102814
- Honora, A., Wang, K.Y., Chih, W.H. (2024). The role of customer forgiveness and perceived justice in restoring relationships with customers. Service Business, 18(3), 363-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-024-00563-1
- Hsieh, J.K., Hsieh, Y.C., Chiu, H.C., Feng, Y.C. (2012). Post-adoption switching behavior for online service substitutes: A perspective of the push-pull-mooring framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1912-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.010
- Hu, L.T., Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Huang, L.Y., Hsieh, Y.J., Wu, Y.C.J. (2014). Gratifications and social network service usage: The mediating role of online experience. Information & Management, 51(6), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.05.004
- Jangir, K., Sharma, V., Taneja, S., Rupeika-Apoga, R. (2023). The moderating effect of perceived risk on users' continuance intention for FinTech services. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010021
- Joireman, J., Grégoire, Y., Devezer, B., Tripp, T.M. (2013). When do customers offer firms a 'second chance' following a double deviation? The impact of inferred firm motives on customer revenge and reconciliation. Journal of Retailing, 89(3), 315-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2013.03.002
- Jones, M.A., Mothersbaugh, D.L., Beatty, S.E. (2002). Why customers stay: Measuring the underlying dimensions of services switching costs and managing their differential strategic outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 55(6), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00168-5
- Jung, J., Han, H., Oh, M. (2017). Travelers' switching behavior in the airline industry from the perspective of the push-pull-mooring framework. Tourism Management, 59, 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.018
- Keaveney, S.M. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59(2), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900206
- Khoa, B.T. (2021). The antecedents of relationship marketing and customer loyalty: A case of the designed fashion product. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.195
- Kock, N., Lynn, G.S. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546-580. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302
- Limayem, M., Hirt, S.G., Cheung, C.M.K. (2007). How habit limits the predictive power of intention: The case of information systems continuance. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 705-737. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148817
- Lin, C.P., Hsieh, C.Y. (2022). Modeling switching intention of mobile payment service in the moderation of usage inertia and IT self-efficacy: Implications for user education. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 38(18), 1726-1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2041899
- Mehrabanioun, M. (2024). A multi-theoretical view on social media continuance intention: Combining theory of planned behavior, expectation-confirmation model and consumption values. Digital Business, 4(1), 100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2023.100070
- Mukhopadhyay, M. (2023). From click to quick: Examining the drivers of quick commerce on online consumer behavior using fuzzy cognitive mapping. Paper ID ICMI/2321, International Conference on Marketing Innovation 2023, Track “Innovation in Consumer Experience”, jointly organized by Indian Institute of Management Kashipur and Whitman School of Management Syracuse University, SSRN. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4720199
- Nitzl, C., Roldan, J.L., Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling: Helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1849-1864. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-07-2015-0302
- Nunnally, J.C., Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y., Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
- Rawis, S.O., Nasution, R.A., Hadiansyah, L.S., Adiani, W., Aprianingsih, A. (2022). Systematic literature review of switching behavior in service industry. Binus Business Review, 13(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v13i1.7618
- Revilla, M.A., Saris, W.E., Krosnick, J.A. (2014). Choosing the number of categories in agree-disagree scales. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(1), 73-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113509605
- Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long Range Planning, 45(5-6), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.010
- Ringle, C.M., Wende, S., Becker, J.M. (2022). SmartPLS 4. Oststeinbek: SmartPLS GmbH.
- Ryu, G., Yoon, J., Park, C. (2023). An exploratory study of consumer switching behavior in platform businesses: A mixed methods approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 22(6), 1497-1515. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2220
- Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., Hair, J.F. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (Eds.), Handbook of market research, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Shuqair, S., Pinto, D.C., So, K.K.F., Rita, P., Mattila, A.S. (2021). Consumers' forgiveness in the sharing economy: The role of relationship norms. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98, 103041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103041
- Umar, R.M. (2023). Service recovery efforts' influence on consumers' desire to reciprocate and forgiveness: The mediating role of perceived justice. South Asian Journal of Marketing, 4(1), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJM-07-2022-0046
- Wei, J., Wang, Z., Hou, Z., Meng, Y. (2022). The influence of empathy and consumer forgiveness on the service recovery effect of online shopping. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 842207. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842207
- Xu, Y.C., Zhang, C., Xue, L., Yeo, L.L. (2023). Product information management in E-commerce: An empirical investigation. Information Systems Research, 34(2), 512-531. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1154
- Ye, D.Y., Liu, F., Cho, D., Jia, Z. (2022). Investigating switching intention of e-commerce live streaming users. Heliyon, 8(11), e11145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11145
- Yoruk, I., Hsu, J. H., Lee, Z. W. (2025). Consumer forgiveness: A literature review and research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 42(2), 554-578. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.22138
- Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Lou, S. (2023). What determines consumers' purchasing behavioral intention on social commerce platforms: Introducing consumer credit to TPB?. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04210-z
Articles

