Abstract

Biomaterials are man-made substances used to replace the damaged tissues in the body to restore the normal function. In recent years there has been growing interest in developing biomaterials from natural sources such as shells, fish scales, bones, plants, and algae for bone and dental applications. Cuttlefish bones, rich in calcium carbonate and easily available as marine waste, eco-friendly, non-toxic, low cost for calcium carbonate production and suitable for biomedical usage. In present study waste cuttlefish bone collected, cleaned, washed and dried were ground into fine powder. This powder was calcined through a thermal process to produce calcium oxide, from which hydroxyapatite (HAp) was isolated. The synthesized HAp was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy (analyzing raw bones, Calcium oxide and HAp), SEM with EDX, TEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tested for antimicrobial activity against pathogens including Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Cell viability assays were performed using MG63 osteoblastcells with the synthesized HAp nanoparticles. From the study we observed that the FTIR analysis shows the presence of calcium carbonate in raw cuttlefish bones, while calcium oxide showed characteristic peaks for C-H bending, C-N stretching, S=O stretching, C=O stretching, and O-H stretching. SEM images revealed quasi-spherical, nanoscale particles with significant agglomeration and EDX confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon as primary components. TEM validated the nanoscale size of particles. Antimicrobial testing showed higher HAp concentrations (750 and 1000 µg/ml) effectively inhibited both Gram (+) ve and Gram (-) ve bacteria. Additionally, HAp demonstrated over 50% cell viability with MG63 cells, indicating good biocompatibility. Cuttlefish bone derived HAp shows significant as biocompatible, antimicrobial properties with potent biomaterial for biomedical use.

Keywords

Biomaterial, HAp, Biocompatibility, Osteoconductive, Anti-Microbial Activity,

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