Abstract

MXenes, an increasingly diverse class of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have become influential materials for sustainable energy systems and environmental clean-up technologies. Since first being reported in 2011, over 30 MXene compositions have been produced, combining high metallic conductivity (up to 15,100 S cm-1), hydrophilic surface terminations, and adjustable interlayer spacing features that make them strong candidates for tackling major sustainability needs. This review progress in MXene research from 2020 to 2025, highlighting developments across environmental sensing, water purification, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical energy storage. It also critically discusses new composite designs, links between performance and structure, and synthesis approaches, while addressing persistent obstacles including broader environmental considerations, manufacturing at scale, and oxidation resistance. As decarbonization initiatives speed up and water-quality regulations become more stringent, MXenes represent a promising materials platform for advancing sustainable development via versatile clean-energy and environmental applications.

Keywords

MXenes, 2D Materials, Energy Storage, Environmental Remediation, Sustainability, Electrocatalysis,

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