Abstract

Global warming and escalating energy consumption have presented pressing issues, catalyzing a pivotal shift towards environmental development worldwide. In recent years, the installed capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells, particularly crystalline silicon cells, has experienced a significant surge. Among the myriad studies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of PV cells' power generation, one prominent avenue involves reducing the internal temperature of these cells. The primary objectives of the present study revolved around augmenting power generation and improving photocell efficiency. This was pursued through the strategic blending of nanoparticles with phase change material (PCM), with variations in insertion percentages to modulate the heat absorption capacity of the PV panel. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the impact of integrating Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) modules and a water-based nano-fluid cooling system beneath the TEG setup. These measures aimed to effectively monitor the conversion of waste heat into electrical energy. Consequently, the proposed orientation of PV panels – involving PCM adjustment via alteration of insertion percentages, coupled with TEG integration and water-based nano-fluid cooling technology – holds significant promise for enhancing efficiency and mitigating solar cell degradation.

Keywords

Photovoltaic Panel, Phase change material, Thermoelectric Generator, Artificial Neural Network,

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Y.K. Kang, S.Y. Jo, H.L. Park, J.W. Jeong, Optimisation of Building integrated photovoltaic and thermoelectric hybrid energy harvesting system for different climatic regions. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2600(4), (2023) 042011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/4/042011
  2. Khan, N. Shahzad, A. Waqas, M. Mahmood, M. Ali, S. Umar, Unlocking the potential of passive cooling: A comprehensive experimental study of PV/PCM/TEC hybrid system for enhanced photovoltaic performance. Journal of Energy Storage, 80, (2024) 110277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.110277
  3. Y. Maleki, F. Pourfayaz, M. Mehrpooya, Experimental study of a novel hybrid photovoltaic/thermal and thermoelectric generators system with dual phase change materials. Renewable Energy, 201, (2022) 202-215.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.037
  4. F. Yazdanifard, E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, & M. Ameri, Investigating the performance of a water-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector in laminar and turbulent flow regime. Renewable Energy, 99 (2016) 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.004
  5. C. Ramesh, M. Vijayakumar, S. Alshahrani, G. Navaneethakrishnan, R. Palanisamy, L. Natrayan, C.A. Saleel, A. Afzal, S. Suboor, H. Panchal, Performance enhancement of selective layer coated on solar absorber panel with reflector for water heater by response surface method: A case study. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 36, (2022) 102093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102093
  6. M.J. Khoshnazm, A. Marzban, N. Azimi, Performance enhancement of photovoltaic panels integrated with thermoelectric generators and phase change materials: Optimisation and analysis of thermoelectric arrangement. Energy, 267, (2023) 126556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126556
  7. W. Pang, Y. Cui, Q. Zhang, H. Yu, L. Zhang, H. Yan, Experimental effect of high mass flow rate and volume cooling on performance of a water-type PV/T collector. Solar Energy, 188, (2019) 1360-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.024
  8. Y.D. Khimsuriya, D.K. Patel, Z. Said, H. Panchal, M.M. Jaber, L. Natrayan, V. Patel, A.S. El-Shafay, Artificially Roughened Solar Air Heating Technology-A Comprehensive Review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 214, (2022) 118817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118817
  9. Y. Devarajan, B. Nagappan, G. Subbiah, E. Kariappan, Experimental investigation on solar-powered ejector refrigeration system integrated with different concentrators. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, (2021) 16298-16307.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12248-z
  10. H.R.F. Kohan, F. Lotfipour, M. Eslami, Numerical simulation of a photovoltaic thermoelectric hybrid power generation system. Solar Energy, 174, (2018) 537–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.046
  11. P.M. Rodrigo, A. Valera, E.F. Fernández, F.M. Almonacid, Performance and economic limits of passively cooled hybrid thermoelectric generator-concentrator photovoltaic modules. Applied Energy, 238, (2019) 1150–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.132
  12. M.M. Matheswaran, T.V. Arjunan, S. Muthusamy, L. Natrayan, H. Panchal, S. Subramaniam, N.K. Khedkar, A.S. El-Shafay, C. Sonawane, A case study on thermo-hydraulic performance of jet plate solar air heater using response surface methodology. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 34, (2022) 101983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.101983
  13. N.S. Nazri, A. Fudholi, W. Mustafa, C.H. Yen, M. Mohammad, M.H. Ruslan, K. Sopian, Exergy and improvement potential of hybrid photovoltaic thermal/ thermoelectric (PVT/ TE) air collector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 111, (2019) 132-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.024
  14. Y. Cai, W.W Wang, C.W Liu, W.T Ding, D. Liu, F.Y. Zhao, Performance evaluation of a thermoelectric ventilation system driven by the concentrated photovoltaic thermoelectric generators for green building operations. Renewable Energy, 147(1), (2020) 1565-1583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.090
  15. N.S. Nazri, A. Fudholi, E. Solomin, M. Arifin, M.H. Yazdi, T. Suyono, E.R. Priandana, M. Mustapha, M.H. Hamsan, A.H. Hussain, M.F.S. Khaidzir, M.I. Ali Zaini, N.N. Rosli, M. Mohammad & K. Sopian, Analytical and experimental study of hybrid photovoltaic–thermal–thermoelectric systems in sustainable energy generation. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 51 (2023) 103522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103522
  16. P. M. Rodrigo, A. Valera, E.F. Fernández, & F.M. Almonacid, Performance and economic limits of passively cooled hybrid thermoelectric generator-concentrator photovoltaic modules, Applied Energy, 238 (2019) 1150–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.132
  17. A. Abdo, S. Ookawara, & M. Ahmed, Performance evaluation of a new design of concentrator photovoltaic and solar thermoelectric generator hybrid systemm Energy Conversion and Management, 195 (2019) 1382–1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.093
  18. Abdelhak Lekbir, Samir Hassani, Mohd Ruddin Ab Ghani, Chin Kim Gan, Saad Mekhilef, R. Saidur, Improved energy conversion performance of a novel design of concentrated photovoltaic system combined with thermoelectric generator with advance cooling system. Energy Conversion and Management, 177 (2018) 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.053
  19. S. Soltani, A. Kasaeian, A. Lavajoo, R. Loni, G. Najafi, & O. Mahian, Exergetic and enviromental assessment of a photovoltaic thermal-thermoelectric system using nanofluids: Indoor experimental tests, Energy Conversion and Management, 218 (2020) 112907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112907
  20. Y. Cui, J. Zhu, F. Zhang, Y. Shao, & Y. Xue, Current status and future development of hybrid PV/T system with PCM module: 4E (energy, exergy, economic and environmental) assessments, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 158 (2022) 112147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112147
  21. E. Yin, Q. Li, D. Li, Y. Xuan, Experimental investigation on effects of thermal resistances on a photovoltaic-thermoelectric system integrated with phase change materials. Energy, 169, (2019) 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.035
  22. P. Motiei, M. Yaghoubi, & E. GoshtasbiRad, Transient simulation of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric system using a phase change material, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 34 (2019) 200–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.05.004
  23. E. Yin, Q. Li, & Y. Xuan, A novel optimal design method for concentration spectrum splitting photovoltaic–thermoelectric hybrid system. Energy, 163 (2018) 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.138
  24. B. Rajasekaran, G. Kumaresan, M. Arulprakasajothi, D. Yuvarajan, Improving the performance of heat sinks through the integration of fins and the utilization of graphene-mixed latent heat energy storage. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 50, (2024) 102525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102525