Synthesis and Characterizations of Cadmium Doped Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles

The cadmium doped aluminium oxide (CdAl2O3) nanoparticles were prepared by reverse precipitation method. The prepared CdAl2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction in order to confirm the crystalline nature of the sample and found average crystallite size in the range 27.6 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of metal oxygen bonds in the CdAl2O3 nanoparticle.

Although, several methods to synthesize aluminium oxide nano particle chemical methods include precipitation methods, sol gel, combustion method, thermal, pyrolysis process and son chemical method [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Synthesis of -Al2O3 nano particles wet chemical method [17]. Previously, Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles prepared by a Mechanical milling process and during this sintering process the γ-Al2O3 were obtained at 350 ºC and α-Al2O3 were obtained about at 1250 ºC [18,19] have been studied. In this present investigation, the research work, made on synthesis and characterization of Cadmium doped aluminium oxide nano particles by reverse precipitation method and obtained CdAl2O3 NPs subjected to various characterization studies in order to study the physicochemical properties of the CdAl2O3 NPs.

Materials
Aluminium chloride (AR grade 99% pure) and cadmmium chloride anhydrous powder (AR grade 99% pure) and 25% ammonia solution (Merck) chemicals were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. All other chemicals used were of reagent grade and double distilled water the solvent.

Synthesis
A 0.1M concentration solution of aluminium chloride was prepared by dissolving it in sodium hydroxial solution and stirred well. Then cadmium chloride of 10 weight percentage was added aluminium hydroxyl solution. pH value of the solution was maintained at 11. The collected precipitation was irradiated by microwave radiation frequency 2.45 GHz and power up to1 KW for 5 minutes continuously. The prepared sample was annealed at a temperature of 500 °C for 4 hours.

Characterization
The crystalline phase of the sample was analyzed by Powder X-Ray Diffraction using Bruker D8 advance model instrument. X-rays of monochromatic wavelength 1.5406 Å was used within the scan range of 10-80 scattering angle. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) was recorded by using a Nicolet 5DX FTIR spectrometer.

Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD)
To analyze the crystalline nature of the samples powder XRD spectra of cadmium doped cobalt oxide nanoparticles were recorded spectra are shown in Fig.1.The presence of a sharp peak at 2 angles 31°,37°,45° corresponding planes (220), (311), (400) confirmed aluminium oxide nanoparticles. The diffraction pattern matched the reported as (JCPDS NO 29-003). The prepared nanoparticles average crystallite size, micro strain, dislocation density, stacking fault presented are Table.1.
The crystallite sizes (D) of these samples are calculated using the Scherrer equation Where D is the crystallite size, K Shape factor (K=0.9), λ is the wavelength of X-rays used (1.5406 Å), θ is the angle of diffraction, β Full width of half maximum.
Micro strain induced broadening in powders due to crystal imperfection and distortion small crystallite size calculated strain broadening using  formula = /4 (2) Dislocation density  amount of the defect in the sample the length of dislocation lines per unit volume calculated from using the grain size 'D' using the formula

Conclusion
The cadmium doped aluminium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse precipitation method. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the good crystallite nature. The W-H method crystallite size and micro strain values calculated. The presence of functional groups that were established by FTIR analysis.