Abstract

In wireless environments, multi-carrier modulation (MCM) schemes provides resistance against fading. These schemes have been thoroughly researched for use in 4G/5G wireless communications because of their benefits. Wireless communication systems that use multiple carriers are the most prevalent in modern technology for high-speed transmissions of data. Many researchers are currently interested in implementing new protocols and physical layers for Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM). 5G transmission systems are likely to utilize the FBMC/OQAM scheme. The FBMC/OQAM system has many advantages over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), but there are few disadvantages, one of which is its high PAPR. Because of the signal's overlapping nature in the FBMC system, conventional reduction techniques can't be applied to the subcarriers. High peak power also reduces the efficiency of FBMC/OQAM. It is essential to reduce as much as possible the peak power of a signal in communication systems. In this article, to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a Discrete Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm (DEHOA) is used. Using the proposed method, we reduce the drawback of high PAPR with lower amalgamations of optimum phase factors for each overlapping information symbol. According to simulation results, the proposed method reduces PAPR, BER and improves spectral efficiency (SE) performance.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, DEHOA, FBMC, OQAM, OFDM, PAPR, PTS,

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. T. Ihalainen, A. Ikhlef, J. Louveaux, M. Renfors, Channel equalization for multi-antenna FBMC/OQAM receivers. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(5), (2011) 2070–2085. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2145424
  2. B. Farhang-Boroujeny, OFDM versus filter bank multicarrier. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 28(3), (2011) 92–112. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2011.940267
  3. B. Farhang-Boroujeny, C. Yuen, Cosine modulated and offset QAM filter bank multicarrier techniques: a continuous-time prospect. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2010, (2010) 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/165654
  4. M. Schellmann, Z. Zhao, H. Lin, P. Siohan, N. Rajatheva, V. Luecken, A. Ishaque, (2014). FBMC-based air interface for 5G mobile: Challenges and proposed solutions. In 2014 9th international conference on cognitive radio oriented wireless networks and communications (CROWNCOM), IEEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2014.255708
  5. T. Hwang, C. Yang, G. Wu, S. Li, G.Y. Li, OFDM and its wireless applications: A survey. IEEE transactions on Vehicular Technology, 58(4), (2008) 1673-1694. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2008.2004555
  6. P. Aggarwal, V.A. Bohara, A nonlinear downlink multiuser MIMO-OFDM systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 6(3), (2017) 414-417. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2017.2699195
  7. Q. He, A. Schmeink, (2015) Comparison and evaluation between FBMC and OFDM systems. WSA 2015; 19th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, VDE, Germany.
  8. P. Banelli, S. Buzzi, G. Colavolpe, A. Modenini, F. Rusek, A. Ugolini, Modulation formats and waveforms for 5G networks: Who will be the heir of OFDM?: An overview of alternative modulation schemes for improved spectral efficiency. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 31(6), (2014) 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2014.2337391
  9. F.L. Luo, C.J. Zhang, (2016) Signal processing for 5G: algorithms and implementations. Wiley IEEE Press, Hoboken.
  10. M.S. Ahmed, S. Boussakta, A. Al-Dweik, B. Sharif, C.C. Tsimenidis, Efficient design of selective mapping and partial transmit sequence using T-OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(3), (2019) 2636-2648. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2928361
  11. E. Al-Dalakta, A. Al-Dweik, A. Hazmi, C. Tsimenidis, B. Sharif, Efficient BER reduction technique for nonlinear OFDM transmission using distortion prediction. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 61(5), (2012) 2330-2336. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2012.2190950
  12. E. Al-Dalakta, A. Al-Dweik, A. Hazmi, C. Tsimenidis, B. Sharif, PAPR reduction scheme using maximum cross correlation. IEEE communications letters, 16(12), (2012) 2032-2035. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2012.101712.122151
  13. J. Kassam, M. Miri, R. Magueta, D. Castanheira, P. Pedrosa, A. Silva, R. Dinis, A. Gameiro, Two-step multiuser equalization for hybrid mmwave massive mimo gfdm systems. Electronics, 9(8), (2020) 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081220
  14. M. Laabidi, R. Zayani, R. Bouallegue, (2015) A novel multi-block selective mapping scheme for PAPR reduction in FBMC/OQAM systems. In 2015 World Congress on Information Technology and Computer Applications (WCITCA), IEEE, Tunisia. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCITCA.2015.7367014
  15. S.S. Krishna, H. Hmaied, D. Roviras, Reducing the PAPR in FBMC/OQAM systems with low-latency trellis-based SLM technique. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 1(132), (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0429-9
  16. P. Jirajaracheep, S. Sanpan, P. Boonsrimuang, P. Boonsrimuang, (2018) PAPR reduction in FBMC-OQAM signals with half complexity of trellis-based SLM. 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), IEEE, Korea. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT.2018.8323624
  17. A. Hasan, M. Zeeshan, M.A. Mumtaz, M.W. Khan, (2018). PAPR reduction of FBMC-OQAM using A-law and Mu-law companding. In 2018 ELEKTRO, IEEE, Czech Republic. https://doi.org/10.1109/ELEKTRO.2018.8398246
  18. S. Lu, D. Qu, Y. He, Sliding window tone reservation technique for the peak-to-average power ratio reduction of FBMC-OQAM signals. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 1(4), (2012) 268-271. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCL.2012.062512.120360
  19. V.S. Kumar, S. Anuradha, (2015). Notice of removal: Sliding window tone reservation using smart gradient projection method for PAPR reduction of FBMC signals. International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Signals, Communication and Optimization (EESCO), IEEE, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/EESCO.2015.7253695
  20. C. Ye, Z. Li, T. Jiang, C. Ni, Q. Qi, PAPR reduction of OQAM-OFDM signals using segmental PTS scheme with low complexity. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 60(1), (2013) 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2013.2282732
  21. T. Jiang, C. Ni, C. Ye, Y. Wu, K. Luo, A novel multi-block tone reservation scheme for PAPR reduction in OQAM-OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 61(4), (2015) 717-722. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2465146
  22. S. Vangala, S. Anuradha, (2015) Hybrid PAPR reduction scheme with selective mapping and tone reservation for FBMC/OQAM. In 2015 3rd international conference on signal processing, communication and networking (ICSCN) IEEE, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCN.2015.7219877
  23. R. Gopal, S.K. Patra, (2015). Combining tone injection and companding techniques for PAPR reduction of FBMC-OQAM system. In 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT), IEEE, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCCT.2015.7342756
  24. A. Kumar, PAPR reduction of FBMC using hybrid and k-hybrid techniques. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 62(10), (2019) 501-509. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272719100029
  25. H. Wang, X. Wang, L. Xu, W. Du, Hybrid PAPR reduction scheme for FBMC/OQAM systems based on multi data block PTS and TR methods. IEEE Access, 4, (2016) 4761-4768. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2605008
  26. M.K. Srivastava, M.K. Shukla, N. Srivastava, A.K. Shankhwar, A hybrid scheme for low PAPR in filter bank multi carrier modulation. Wireless Personal Communications, 113(2), (2020)1009-1028.
  27. L.J. Cimini, N.R. Sollenberger, Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences. IEEE Communications letters, 4(3), (2000) 86-88. https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.831033
  28. P. Pantiko, T. Mata, P. Boonsrimuang, H. Kobayashi, (2011) A low complexity improved-PTS phase coefficient searching algorithm for OFDM system. In The 8th Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand-Conference 2011, IEEE, Thailand. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTICON.2011.5947850
  29. N. Van der Neut, B.T. Maharaj, F. De Lange, G.J. González, F. Gregorio, J. Cousseau, PAPR reduction in FBMC using an ACE-based linear programming optimization. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2014, (2014) 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-172
  30. Z. Kollár, L. Varga, B. Horváth, P. Bakki, J. Bitó, Evaluation of clipping based iterative PAPR reduction techniques for FBMC systems. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(1), (2014) 841680. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/841680
  31. D. Qu, S. Lu, T. Jiang, Multi-block joint optimization for the peak-to-average power ratio reduction of FBMC-OQAM signals. IEEE transactions on signal processing, 61(7), (2013) 1605-1613. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2013.2239991
  32. X. Cheng, D. Liu, S. Feng, H. Fang, D. Liu, (2017) An artificial bee colony-based SLM scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems. In 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Applications (ICCIA), IEEE, China. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIAPP.2017.8167258
  33. M. Bellanger, D. Le Ruyet, D. Roviras, M. Terré, J. Nossek, L. Baltar, Q. Bai, D. Waldhauser, M.Renfors, T.Ihalainen, A.Viholainen, T.H.Stitz, Ihalainen, T. FBMC physical layer: a primer. PHYDYAS, 25(4), (2010) 7-10.
  34. K.P. Anand, PAPR reduction technique: partial transmit sequence (PTS). International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 4(3), (2017) 22-25.
  35. G.G. Wang, S. Deb, L.D.S. Coelho, (2015) Elephant herding optimization. In 2015 3rd international symposium on computational and business intelligence (ISCBI), IEEE, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCBI.2015.8
  36. M.A. Elhosseini, R.A. El Sehiemy, Y.I. Rashwan, X.Z. Gao, On the performance improvement of elephant herding optimization algorithm. Knowledge-Based Systems, 166, (2019) 58-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2018.12.012
  37. T. Nguyen, L. Lampe, On partial transmit sequences for PAR reduction in OFDM systems. IEEE transactions on wireless communications, 7(2), (2008) 746-755. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2008.060664