Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Digital Consumer Pathways and Tourist Citizenship Behaviour in Cocoa Tourism: An AISAS Model Approach

Usep Suhud — 2026-07-24

Tourism studies continue to highlight the significant role of paradigms of digital consumer behaviour in framing destination competitiveness, but few studies have ventured into examining their application in niche markets of agro-tourism such as cocoa-based destinations. Being a significant producer of cocoa, Indonesia provides a pertinent opportunity for blending cocoa farms and tourism and supporting sustainability, rural development, and rural livelihoods. Against this backdrop, the AISAS model (Attention, Interest, Search, Action, Share) has stood out strongly as conceptual framework of examining digital tourist decision-making, but its integration of Tourist Citizenship Behaviour (TCB) remains under-examined. Filling this gap, this paper expands AISAS by TCB and applies it to examining tourists' behavioural processes under cocoa tourism, paying special attention to pro-social action elements of advocacy, respect of culture, and engagement of sustainability deepening digital decision processes. Studied through 239 participants' survey data, structural equation modelling (SEM) acts the research study empirically confirming the framework of AISAS–TCB. Our work verifies the sequence of AISAS stages and determines TCB as key antecedent influencing attention, interest, search, and sharing behaviours, and hence positions it as catalyst and amplifier of sustainable engagement respectively. From a theoretical perspective, this paper enriches the extant work of digital tourism by situating cocoa tourism as new proving ground of paradigms of consumer behaviour. From a practical perspective, it offers policymakers, managers of destinations, and farming communities of cocoa production actionable policies of blending digital engagement and sustainably-sensitive tourism initiatives.

Voter Education, Electoral Peace, and Environmental Awareness in South-South Nigeria: Findings from a Descriptive Survey

Itojong Anthony Ayamba — 2026-07-20

The study examined public perceptions of voter education, democratic participation, electoral peace, and environmental awareness in South-South Nigeria. Grounded in Human Security Theory, the study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to determine whether respondents perceived that voter education promotes peaceful electoral participation and environmentally responsible electoral conduct within a politically volatile and environmentally vulnerable region. Data were collected from August to December 2025 using a structured electronic questionnaire administered through SurveyMonkey with online convenience sampling. A total of 5,000 valid responses were obtained across the six states of South-South Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square (χ²) test of association. The findings showed that 76% of respondents agreed that voter education contributes to citizens’ understanding of electoral processes, while 75% agreed that sustained voter education contributes to peaceful coexistence before, during, and after elections. Regarding environmental awareness, 68% of respondents agreed that integrating environmental messages into voter education helps mitigate harmful electoral practices such as vandalism, pollution, and tyre burning. Inferential analysis further revealed statistically significant associations between perceptions of voter education and democratic participation (χ² = 842.61, p < 0.05), electoral peace (χ² = 916.37, p < 0.05), and environmental awareness (χ² = 684.24, p < 0.05). The study concludes that most respondents in South-South Nigeria view voter education as a vital civic tool that can promote electoral peace, democratic participation, and environmental awareness in a fragile democratic environment. The study recommends sustained voter education campaigns and the incorporation of environmental awareness into civic sensitisation programmes in politically sensitive areas.

Developing Caring Economics-Based Teaching Materials for Microeconomics: A Design-Based Research Study on Altruism and Social Responsibility in Higher Education

Akhmad Suyono — 2026-07-13

The economic rationality and low level of social concern among university students indicates that economic learning in higher education does not adequately integrate altruistic values. Learning materials are predominantly influenced by a neoliberal paradigm, which tends to shape students’ perspectives toward individual rationality as homoiconic. This condition highlights the need for innovative learning approaches that balance economic rationality with social responsibility. Therefore, this study aims to develop a caring economics–based learning model in higher education to internalize altruistic values in students’ economic activities. The study employed a design-based research (DBR) approach involving problem identification, design development, implementation, and revision. The developed Caring Economics–based microeconomic learning design and teaching materials were implemented in classroom practice and evaluated using pretest–posttest and situational judgment test to examine its practicality and effectiveness in fostering students' altruistic economic attitudes and perspectives. This study develops Caring Economics–based teaching materials for a microeconomic theory course using a design-based research (DBR) approach. The materials demonstrated high feasibility, with validation scores ranging from 86.67 to 100.00 across organizations, case selection, language clarity, visual presentation, and integration of Caring Economics. Classroom implementation improved lecturer activity (66%–88%) and student participation (64%–83.6%). Learning effectiveness was confirmed by an N-Gain score of 0.75 (high category). The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (Z = -3.923, p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of H₀. These results indicate that the caring economics–based microeconomics textbook significantly improved students’ learning outcomes. Conclusion. These findings suggest that integrating Caring Economics into microeconomic learning enhances students’ conceptual understanding while fostering altruistic values. Therefore, Caring Economics offers a meaningful pedagogical approach for strengthening both students’ economic competence and their social responsibility in economic decision-making.

Mapping Destructive Leadership Research: Intellectual Foundations, Thematic Evolution, and Global Trends (1966 to 2025)

Alum Kusumah — 2026-07-24

The Scopus-based core corpus consists of 704 English-language journal articles from 1966 to 2025, and this study analyzes the intellectual foundations, thematic evolution, and international collaboration structure of this research field. Since the records were retrieved on 22 October 2025, the 2025 data are analyzed as partial-year data rather than as a complete year. Bibliometric procedures included bibliographic description, thematic mapping, thematic evolution, document co-citation, author keyword co-occurrence, and country co-authorship networks, using association-strength normalization and performed with Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. A search-completeness test with the expanded query ("abusive supervision" and "despotic leadership") yielded 876 records, of which 695 matched the core corpus, and 181 were retained as a sensitivity set. The results reveal that publications were sparse for several decades, but after 2018 there was a significant rise in publications. Venue influence is concentrated in a small interdisciplinary core, with The Leadership Quarterly and Journal of Business Ethics providing theory and synthesis, and the Journal of Nursing Management and Frontiers in Psychology reflecting more recent applied diffusion. Document co-citation reveals a tripartite intellectual base comprising definitional accounts, exchange and justice mechanisms, and measurement or personality-trait traditions. Keyword structures identify three current fronts: abusive and exploitative mechanisms, dark-trait and ethics-oriented research, and healthcare-oriented studies of bullying, stress, and culture. Country co-authorship indicates a transatlantic and Asia-Pacific core with recent regional diversification. Overall, the field shows increasing convergence among fragmented labels while retaining important conceptual distinctions.

Posthumous Personal Data Protection in the Era of Digital Eternity: Assessing Indonesia's Legal Framework and the Relevance of Neural Rights

Sayid Muhammad Rifki Noval — 2026-07-13

The development of artificial intelligence and digital memorial technology has given birth to the practice of digital immortality, which is the use of digital imprints, voices, images, and communication patterns of a person to build a virtual representation after the person in question dies. This phenomenon raises new legal issues, especially regarding the status of posthumous personal data, consent limits, the position of heirs, and the responsibility of parties who process data for the purpose of memorialization and interactive digital revival. This article aims to assess the adequacy of Indonesia's legal framework in protecting posthumous personal data and examine the relevance of neural rights as a normative reference. This research uses normative juridical methods with legislative, conceptual, analytical, and comparative approaches. The analysis focused on the 1945 Constitution, the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law, and then compared to regulatory developments in Chile, Mexico, Colorado in the United States, and Brazil. The results of the study show that Indonesian law has not explicitly regulated the protection of personal data after death. As a result, there are still normative gaps regarding the legitimacy of the deceased's data processing, the authority for granting consent, the rights of family or heirs, the limits on the use of data to form a person's virtual representation, and the relationship between posthumous data and the digital inheritance regime. This study also assesses that neural rights are relevant as normative inspirations, but are not sufficient when used as a single basis for regulation. Therefore, a legal reform is needed that explicitly regulates the protection of posthumous personal data in the Indonesian legal system comprehensively.