Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Innovative Technologies in Information Warfare as a Means of Protecting National Interests of Ukraine and Georgia: A Literature Review

2025-07-10T14:46:07+00:00

Information wars are becoming increasingly important in modern conflicts, posing a serious threat to national security. Disinformation and cyber-attacks are an important element of the hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation, which Ukraine and Georgia have encountered. The article aims to identify the leading innovative technologies that contribute to the conduct of information warfare. The study is based on a content analysis of 34 scientific publications selected from Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases for the period from 1995 to the present. Key words such as “information warfare”, “cyber-attacks”, “Ukraine”, “Georgia” and “national security” were used. Systematic and comparative methods were used to identify common and distinctive features in strategies to counter information threats. The results determined that the experience of Ukraine and Georgia offers valuable information about the dynamics of information warfare and its consequences for national security. Among the leading technologies used in hybrid warfare are artificial intelligence, social networks, deepfakes, bots, and cyber-attacks. Despite these challenges, both countries have taken steps to counter Russian influence and strengthen their resistance to disinformation. The experience of Ukraine and Georgia emphasizes the importance of countering information warfare in national security strategies. The findings showed that legislative, regulatory and technological measures are critical to mitigating the impact of disinformation campaigns and protecting democratic institutions.

Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Latent Growth Model to Examines the Goal-Setting Behavior of Students

2025-07-10T13:52:30+00:00

Student’s goal-setting is the process of identifying specific academic, personal, and professional objectives and then planning concrete steps to achieve them during time in university. The purpose of this research is identifying and confirming the factor structure of the goal-setting construct using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Latent Growth Modelling (LGM) approaches to analyse the growth model of goal-setting over time. The population in this study consists of active third-semester students of Muhammadiyah Universities in Lampung Province Indonesia. The research was conducted using a longitudinal design by observing changes in students' views or thoughts in setting goals over three different time periods. The resulting factor scores were analysed descriptively and comparatively to observe changes in goal-setting scores. The research results show that the factor loading values for each item indicate the strength of the relationship between the indicators and the latent goal-setting, also the consistent increase in goal-setting scores during each measurement period. However, the variation among individuals goal-setting in the third period was statistically insignificant, meaning the differences among individuals were narrowing. This indicates that most individuals have aligned their goals with real situations through the fulfilment of aspects such as choice selection, loss-based selection, goal relevance, and methods/resources. This research provides an overview of the importance of reinforcing the four aspects of goal-setting in supporting the development of students' goal-setting in the university environment, as well as the interventions that need to be carried out to support this reinforcement.

Evaluating the Efficiency of Indian Cement Companies: An Integration of MCDM and Copeland Techniques

2025-08-18T14:50:29+00:00

The study aims to appraise the efficiency of 28 cement-producing Indian companies for the year 2022–23, applying an innovative combination of various multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches. Initially, output-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) and super-radial DEA are employed to examine operational productivity and compute super-efficiency scores, considering three outputs and four inputs. The analysis reveals that 71% of the companies exhibit pure technical efficiency, while 54% demonstrate scale and overall technical efficiency. Among the operationally proficient companies, 60% are small ones, suggesting that industry powerhouses struggle to leverage economies of scale effectively. Furthermore, the super-efficiency scores, alongside financial productivity proxies – F-score, G-score, C-score, and M-score – served as parameters for applying multi-criteria analysis. Accordingly, the criterion weight and rank of the companies are determined using LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW) and Axial Distance-based Aggregated Measurement (ADAM) methods, and Mangalam Cement appears as the frontrunner. However, different techniques of multi-criteria analysis may provide varied rankings due to deviations in computational methodology. Therefore, to strengthen the appraisal process, a two-phase sensitivity analysis was conducted, revealing a strong and significant association, as indicated by rank correlation coefficients and Friedman’s test. Eventually, the paper consolidated the varied performance scores using the Copeland method, and Barak Valley Cements emerges as the outperformer. The final rank indicates that among the top 10 firms, 40% are small players, while within the bottom 10, 30% are large and mid-sized firms. Moreover, the decision of big players to acquire efficient small companies post 2022–23 aligns with our findings.